Carbohydrates

Especially for diabetic teens, carbohydrate control is extremely important. But what is a carbohydrate? Carbohydrates can be classified in two different categories: simple sugars and complex carbohydrates. Monosaccharides are the smallest unit of carbohydrates. Two monosaccharides put together are called disaccharides. Simple sugars are usually composed of monosaccharides and disaccarides. Complex carbohydrates are made of polysaccharides, or chains of monosaccharides. 46% of the average western diet should be composed of carbohydrates.

Carbohydrates are used in the body in different ways. Carbohydrates provide the least amount of energy out of the three macronutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. However, carbohydrates are the most important nutrient to athletes. They are the only nutrients that can break down fast enough to supply the body with energy during intense activity, such as sprinting. Carbohydrates are also stored in the body as energy. Up to two thousand calories can be stored in the body at a given time. Cabohydrates are also a catalyst for the break down of fats. Carbohydrates are the main source of fuel for the central nervous system.

Simple sugars can be found in foods such as energy drinks, and candy. However, for the diabetic teen, most simple sugars are incredibly detrimental to the body. The highly concentrated amounts of sugars in these types of foods should not be consumed by the diabetic. Complex carbohydrates are a much better choice. Complex carbohydrates can be found in foods such as fruit, whole grain products, like bread, pasta, and cereal, and starches such as potatoes and rice. Glycemic index, or GI, or glycemic load, or GL, can help you determine how foods affect blood sugar levels in the body. This way, you can measure the amount of carbohydrates you are consuming.